| Annotation |
The article is devoted to the analysis of the work of the resettlement administration at the beginning of the
twentieth century in the Uriankhai region (modern Republic of Tyva). The creation of a permanent resettlement
management body on the territory of the former colony of China has become an important factor contributing to
the strengthening of Russian-Tuvan economic ties. In foreign and domestic historiography, the issues of implementing
tasks to streamline the colonization process in Uriankhai are considered in the context of a general analysis
of the socio-political development of Russian-Tuvan ties, the solution of the “Uriankhai issue” in the diplomacy
of Russia, China and Mongolia. In fact, there are no special studies devoted to the analysis of the work of the
resettlement management bodies in the field. The purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of the Russian
authorities to streamline the process of resettlement and improvement of the region in the early twentieth century.
This topic is relevant in the context of the implementation of state support programs for the settlement of
Siberia and the Far East. The article uses a microhistoric approach, a special method of source analysis, as well
as general scientific methods of comparison, analysis, generalization and comparison of factual material, which
made it possible to identify the general nature of the implementation of the tasks of resettlement management
in border regions. The article is based on the materials of the Russian State Historical Archive, the State Archive
of the Republic of Tyva, the State Archive of the Irkutsk region. China and Mongolia, seeking to strengthen their
influence in the province after the establishment of the Russian protectorate, did not have their own mechanisms
of political and economic influence, so most of the activities implemented by the Resettlement Department on
the ground were perceived positively by the Tuvan population. This fact refutes the prevailing opinion of Soviet
researchers about the purely \"negative\" impact of the tsarist government on the economic development of Tuva
in the early twentieth century. The conflicts and contradictions arising between the resettlement official and the
border commissioner, the local population, were not of a private nature, as is commonly believed in Russian historiography,
but were due to the difference in the official positions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Main
Directorate of Land Management and Agriculture on the \"Urianhai question\". |
| References |
1. Shobodoev, E. B. Organization of resettlement and land management in Irkutsk province. Web. 20.12.2022.
https://archivesiberia-journal.nso.ru/sites/archivesiberia-journal.nso.ru/wodby_files/files/page_312/08_
shobodoev_statya (In Rus.)
2.Dulov, V. I. Socio-economic history of Tuva XIX – early XX centuries. Kyzyl: izd-vo TuvGU, 2013. (In Rus.)
3.Popov, V. L. The second trip to Mongolia. Irkutsk: shtab Irkutskogo voennogo okruga, 1910. (In Rus.)
4. Aranchyn, Yu. L. The historical path of the Tuvan people to Socialism. Extended Abstract of Doctoral
Dissertation, Novosibirsk, 1986. (In Rus.)
5. Bombuzhay, A. K-O. Russia and Tuva: the problem of the formation of ties in the late XIX – early
XX centuries: Cand.sci. diss. М: 1999. (In Rus.)
6. Mollerov, N. N. The origins of the brotherhood: Russian self-governing labor colony in the Tuva Republic
(1922–1932): Ist. Ocherktuvin. Research Institute of yaz., lit., history. Kyzyl : Tuvinsky publishing House, 1989.
(In Rus.)
7. Datsyshen, V. G. Sayan Knot: Usinsk-Uriankhai Region and Russian-Tuvan relations in 1911–1921.
Kyzyl: Republican Printing House. 2003. (In Rus.)
8. Bawden, Ch. The modern History of Mongolia. L-N-Y, 1989. (In Rus.)
9. Lattimore E. The making of modern China. N-Y, 1944. (In Engl.)
10. Mänchen-Helfen, O. Reise ins asiatische Tuwa. Berlin: Der Bücherkreis, 1931. (In Germ.)
11. Fritters, G. M. Outer Mongolia and its international position / G. M. Ed. by E. Lattimore. Hopkins, 1949.
(In Engl.)
12. Qusted, R. The expansion of Russia in East Asia 1857–1860. Singapure, 1968. (In Engl.)
13. Mintslov, S. R. A secret assignment. Travel to Uriankhai. Diary of a trip to Tuva in 1914. Photo album
Abakan: Tuva Institute for Humanitarian Studies under the Government of the Republic of Tuva, 2014. (In Rus.)
14. Shostakovich, S. V. The political system and the international legal situation in the past and present.
Irkutsk, 1929. (In Rus.)
15. Kuz’min, Yu. V. Mongolia and the “Mongolian Question” in the Socio-political Thought of Russia: (late
1930s – XX century.) Irkutsk, 1997. (In Rus.)
16. Saaya, S. V., Sat S.Ch. The geopolitical status of Tuva in the first half of the twentieth century (1911–
1944). Abakan: Khakass Book Publishing House, 2006. (In Rus.)
17. Samdan, A. A. Strengthening of Russian political influence and administrative reform in Tuva. Oriental
Studies, no. 11, pp. 2–13. 2018. https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2018-39-5-2-13. (In Engl.)
18. Khovalyg, S. S., Alekseev V. V. Tuva under the Russian Protectorate (1914–1919): a forgotten page
of Russian History (1914–1919). Bulletin of the I. Ya. Yakovlev, ChSPU, no. 3 (83), pp. 62–68, 2014. (In Rus.)
19. Vasilenko, V. A. The border commissioner in Tuva in 1913: appointment, problems, confrontation. New
studies of Tuva, no. 4, 2013. Web. 20.12.2022. URL: https://www.tuva.asia/journal/issue_20/6719-vasilenko.
html (In Rus.)
20. Vasilenko, V. A., Kuz’min, Yu. V. The “Russian factor” in Tuvan politics: features of the organization of
management of the Uriankhai region 1914–1917. Historical Bulletin, no. 1, pp. 111–114. 2021. (In Rus.)
21. Timchenko, V. Vladimir Gabaev – the mystery man. New studies of Tuva. News. December 26, 2016.
Web. 20.12.2022. https://www.tuva.asia/news/tuva/8871-gabaev.html (In Rus.)
22. At the crossroads of time. Uriankhai region. Tuvan People’s Republic. Tuva Autonomous Region.
Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Collection of archival documents and photo documents. Scientific
and documentary collection (in Russian). State Archive of the Republic of Tyva – Novosibirsk: Siberian Book
Publishing House, 2014. (In Rus.)
23. History of Tuva. Vol. 1. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2001. (In Rus.)
24. Molchanov, L. A. Uriankhai region under the protectorate of the anti-Bolshevik authorities of Siberia
(1918–1919). New Historical Bulletin, no. 33, pp. 84–93, 2012. (In Rus.) |
