| Annotation |
The article examines the appearance of the Russian Cossacks on the territory of Northwestern Manchuria,
namely the Three Rivers, the construction of the first settlements, their cultural life and the translation of
Russian traditions. The authors of the work set a goal to study the contribution of the emigrant community to
the development of the image of this region, the process of preserving traditional orders and foundations. This
problem is considered in the article from the material and spiritual-social directions of culture. The relevance of
the topic is due to the process of returning to active social activity of the Cossacks. In modern Russian society,
discussions about the essence of the Cossacks, the economic, moral, social and spiritual foundations of their
life do not cease. The authors use the fundamental principles of historical science. The principle of objectivity
made it possible to evaluate the analyzed historical documents taking into account the subjectivity of their author.
Representatives of the Cossack emigration in the Three Rivers were active in cultural life, which against the
background of the cultural life of other emigration groups, was distinguished by its initiative. All achievements in different aspects of culture had a special Russian personality. They were reflected not only in everyday life
and material culture, but also in the development of institutions such as education, literature, publications, the
church, etc. Arriving on the Manchurian side, the Cossacks brought with them their way of life and culture, which
strengthened on foreign territory and became a reference point for the development of the region. Thanks to
the location of the Chinese authorities, the Three Rivers began to grow and develop rapidly. People fleeing
wanted to feel like an integral part of Russia. Various representatives of the emigrant Cossacks, including the
intelligentsia, the clergy, sought to support the Russian spirit and opposed assimilation. The paper identifies and
seems promising the need for further research, reconstruction, translation and support of the Cossack culture of
the Russian Three Rivers. |
| References |
1. Chapygin, I. V. Trans-Baikal Cossacks in emigration in the territory of Northeastern China (Manchuria) in
the 1920s-1930s. Science and School, no. 4, pp. 173–176, 2013. (In Rus.)
2. Chapygin, I. V. Cossack emigration on the territory of Manchuria in 1920–1945. Some results of studying
the topic. Science and school, no. 182, pp. 182–188, 2014. (In Rus.)
3.Kaigorodova, A. M. Russians in the Three Rivers (according to personal memoirs). Soviet Ethnography,
no. 2, pp. 140–149, 1970. (In Rus.)
4. Argudyaeva, Yu. V. Russian population in the Three Rivers. Russia and the Asia-Pacific region, no. 4,
pp. 121–134, 2006. (In Rus.)
5. Argudyaeva, Yu. V. Russian Cossacks in the Three Rivers: the exodus and economic activity of Russian
Cossacks in the 1920s-1940s. Proceedings of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the FEB
RAN, pp. 137–146, 2019. (In Rus.)
6. Argudyaeva, Yu. V. Russian Cossacks in the Three Rivers (the first half of the XX century). Blagoveshchensk,
2016. (In Rus.)
7. Chapygin, I.V. Trekhrechye – the area of Cossack settlement of Russian emigration in the northeast of
China (1920–1945). Proceedings of the regional Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the memory of
Professor V. I. Dulov and his student Professor V. G. Tyukavkin: in 2 v. V. 2. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Pedagogical
University, 2005: 169–171. (In Rus.)
8. Sergeev O. I. Japan’s use of the experience of the Russian Cossacks in the development of new territories
(Hokkaido Island, occupied lands of Northeast China). Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region, 2016: 143–144. (In
Rus.)
9. Sergeev, O. I. Cossack Three Rivers in China: a historical perspective. Cross-border cooperation and
foreign economic activity: A historical perspective and modern assessments: Proceedings of the International
Scientific Conference on November 22–27, 2012 (Chita of the Trans-Baikal Territory of the Russian Federation –
Ergun of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the PRC). Chita: Zabaikal. gos. gum.-ped. un-t, 2012: 136–
143. (In Rus.)
10. Drobotushenko, E. V. On the question of the number and names of Cossack settlements on the territory
of northern China at the turn of the 1920s-1930s. Scientific Vedomosti. Series History, Political Science, no. 1,
pp. 112–121, 2018. DOI: 10.18413/2075-4458-2018-45-1-112-121. (In Rus.)
11. Zabiyako, A. P., Zabiyako, A. A. Russian Three Rivers: the foundations of ethnic identity. Novosibirsk:
IAET SO RAN, 2017. (In Rus.)
12. Kormazov, V. A. Trekhrechye: (From travel notes). Herald of Manchuria. Harbin, no. 5, pp. 38–47, 1931.
(In Rus.)
13. Shestakov, M. Blagodatnoe Trekhrechye. Bulletin of the Cossack exhibition in Harbin 1943. Collection
of articles about the Cossacks and the Cossacks Bulletin of the Cossack exhibition in Harbin 1943. Harbin, 1943:
192–195. (In Rus.)
14. Klyaus, V. L. “Russian Three Rivers” of Manchuria: essays on folklore and traditional culture. Moscow,
2015. (In Rus.)
15. Zinenko, Ya. V. Calendar rites of the Russian Three Rivers. Traditional culture, no. 4, pp. 97–107, 2019.
(In Rus.)
16. Shakhmatov, P. V. Trekhrechye. Memories. Tomsk: Red Banner, 2014. (In Rus.)
17. Sharonova, V. G. The history of Russian emigration in China. Russian Abroad. 2014. Pp. 217–231.
Web. 16.12.2022. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/istoriya-russkoy-emigratsii-v-kitae/viewer. (In Rus.)
18. Argudyaeva, Yu. V. Russian Cossacks – Transbaikalians in the Manchurian Three Rivers: translation
of traditions of material culture. Proceedings of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography FEB
RAN. 2018. pp. 48–63. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/russkie-kazaki-zabaykaltsy-v-manchzhurskomtryohrechie-
translyatsiya-traditsiy-materialnoy-kultury. Web. 20.12.2022. (In Rus.)
19. Malyshenko, G. I. Spiritual values of the Cossacks of the Three Rivers of the post-revolutionary emigration
(the 1920s-1970s). Electronic scientific and Methodological Journal of Omsk State University, no. 5, pp. 1–9,
2018. Web. 16.12.2022. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/duhovnye-tsennosti-kazakov-trehrechentsevporevolyutsionnoy-
emigratsii-1920-1970-e-gg. (In Rus.)
20. Kim, N. V. Literary heritage of Russian emigration in China: cultural code. Humanitarian vector, no. 1,
pp. 118–124, 2021. (In Rus.)
21. Miao, Hui The image of traditional Chinese culture in Russian emigrant literature in China. Cand. sci.
diss. Vladivostok, 2015. (In Rus.) |
