| Annotation |
The article is devoted to the “urban” period of Barguzin (1783–1927) – one of the oldest settlements in
the Republic of Buryatia. Its history has its own peculiarities, closely related to the marginal policy of the state.
Founded as a prison settlement on the way of the Cossacks of the Russian Kingdom advancing to the East, Barguzin
became one of the first strongholds of the “sovereign’s servants” on the territory of modern Buryatia. After
the completion of the process of annexation of the Siberian territories, less than a third of all Siberian prisons –
wooden fortresses – got a chance for further development due to their successful transport and geographical
location, opportunities for economic development and patronage from the regional authorities. Barguzin was
among them. The article for the first time considers the question of compliance of Barguzin with the status of
the city throughout its “urban” history. Based on a wide source base, including archival documents introduced
into scientific circulation for the first time, the author proves that Barguzin, even with a small population, in the
chronological period under study corresponded to the criteria of the city highlighted by researchers: the diversity
of the population occupations, a significant economic and political role in the region. Although Barguzin stayed
only a few years as the administrative center of Western Transbaikalia, having retained the administrative status
of a county town, it became the focus of the political, economic and cultural life of the region, the center of gold mining and a place of mass exile, including the political one, new cultural traditions having been brought
to the urban way of life. The author states that Barguzin lost its positions at the end of the XIXth century which
is explained by the decline in gold mining and remoteness from the Trans-Siberian railway. During the years of
economic prosperity provided by gold mining, Barguzin did not create a material base that, with the depletion of
gold placers, could fuel the city, and the remoteness from trade routes excluded a developed trade turnover that
provided an influx of population. The loss of Barguzin urban status did not diminish the interest of researchers
in its rich history. The basic principles and methods of historical research: objectivity, historicism, scientific, systematic,
comparative analysis allowed us to identify cause-and-effect relationships, patterns, facts, features of
Barguzin development due to both external and internal factors. |
| References |
1. Artemiev, A. R. Cities and fortresses of Transbaikalia and the Amur region in the second half of the 17th
and 18th centuries. Vladivostok: RAN, 1999. (In Rus.)
2. Artemiev, A. R. Construction of cities and ostrogs of Transbaikalia and Amur region in the second half of
the XVII–XVIII centuries and types of defensive structures. National history, no. 5, pp. 140–147, 1998. (In Rus.)
3. Basaev, G. D., Khutashkeeva, S. D. Cooperative movement in Western Transbaikalia on the eve and
during the First World War. Gumanitarnyi vektor, no. 2, pp. 105–109, 2012. (In Rus.)
4. Batoev, D. B. The history of healthcare in the Barguzin Valley. Ch. 1. Ulan-Ude: Respublikanskaya, 2007.
(In Rus.)
5. Girchenko, V. Pribaikal’e. Baikal region. A brief historical sketch, no. 3, pp. 15–22, 1922 (In Rus.)
6. Evdokimova, S. V. The history of the foundation and development of Barguzin in the 17th – first half of
the 19th centuries. Barguzin: pages of history: materials of the scientific-practical conference dedicated to the
350th anniversary of the founding of the city of Barguzin. Ulan-Ude, 1998: 45–58. (In Rus.)
7. Evdokimova, S. V. The population of Barguzin in the 17th – 19th centuries. Buryatia: problems of regional
history of historical education. Ulan-Ude. Part 1. 2001: 115–120. (In Rus.)
8. Evdokimova, S. V. Socio-economic development of the cities of Transbaikalia in the 17th – 19th
centuries. Ulan-Ude: 2007: 110–113. (In Rus.)
9. Kal’mina, L. V. Jewish communities of Eastern Siberia. Ulan-Ude: VSGAKI, 2003. (In Rus.)
10. Kal’mina, L. Barguzin is a Jewish enclave in Siberia. Scientific works on Judaica. Proceedings of the
XVIII International Annual Conference on Jewish Studies. Vol. II: Academic Series, no. 35, pp. 114–121, 2011.
(In Rus.)
11. Kal’mina, L. V. Jerusalem, Lost in Siberia (history of the Barguzin Jewish Community). Diaspory, no. 2,
pp. 29–49, 2003. (In Rus.)
12. Kal’mina, L. V. Siberian gold miner and philanthropist Yakov Frizer. Questions of history, no. 3, pp. 142–
145, 2003. (In Rus.)
13. Kal’mina, L. V., Kuras, L. V. The Jewish community in Western Transbaikalia (the 1960s – February
1917). Ulan-Ude: BNC SO RAN, 1999. (In Rus.)
14. Kuras, L. V. Zionists in Barguzin (1917–1923). Barguzin: pages of history: materials of the scientificpractical
conference. Ulan-Ude. 1998: 159–163. (In Rus.)
15. Kuras, L. V. The Soviet state and the “Jewish Question” in Buryatia in the 1920s (based on the materials
of the archive of the FSB of Russia for the Republic of Buryatia). Jewish communities of Siberia and the Far East.
Issue. 2: Collection of articles. Krasnoyarsk. 2001: 154–162. (In Rus.)
16. Mamsik, T. S. The farm of exiled Decembrists Kuchelbecker brothers. Exiled Decembrists in Siberia.
Novosibirsk, 1985: 126–148. (In Rus.)
17. Palikova, T. V. Cities of Transbaikalia of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries: sources and
historiography. Ulan-Ude`: BGU, 2015. (In Rus.)
18. Palikova, T. V., Bocharova, Z. S. Cities of Transbaikalia of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries:
social, economic, cultural development. Ulan-Ude: BGU, 2010. (In Rus.).
19. Palikova, T. V. History of city self-government, Verkhneudinsk – Ulan-Ude, 1875–2015. Ulan-Ude:
BGU, 2015. (In Rus.)
20. Palikova, T. V. Development of culture of the cities of Transbaikalia in the second half of the XIX – early
XX centuries. Ulan-Ude: BGU, 2008. (In Rus.)
21. Palikova, T. V. Siberian city of the early twentieth century аs a place of ethno-cultural interactions.
Bulletin of the International Center for Asian Studies, no. 12, pp. 237–240, 2004. (In Rus.)
22. The Barguzin exile of the Decembrists – the Kuchelbecker brothers. Barguzin: Zebra, 2006. (In Rus.)
23. Breslavskaya, T. S., Filippova, T. S. The history of Barguzin: from the ostrog to the city (1648–1927).
Irkutsk: Ottisk, 2019. (In Rus.)
24. Shmulevich, M. M. Essays on the history of Western Transbaikalia. XVII – ser. XIX century.
Novosibirsk,1985. (In Rus.)
25. Veber, M. Selected works. M: Progress, 1990. (In Rus.)
26. History of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR. V.1. Ulan-Ude: Buryat-Mongol. kn. izd-vo, 1951. (In Rus.)
27. Sanzhieva, T. E. Participation of the Trans-Baikal Buryats in trade in the XIX century. Irkutsk Historical
and Economic Yearbook, pp. 193–194, 2017. (In Rus.) |
