| Annotation |
The historians of comprehensive school (B. N. Chicherin, K. D. Kavelin, S. M. Solovyov, etc.) and democratic direction (A. I. Herzen, N. G. Chernyshevsky, A. P. Shchapov, etc.) in domestic historiography of the second half of the XIX century investigated formation of state attitudes and the life of people. Different views of scientists on history of Russia, the method of its studying and, consequently, different results of their research affirm the need for a comparative historiographical evaluation, comparing S. M. Solovyov’s “centralist” diagram and A. P. Shchapov’s federalist (rural-regional) doctrine as a system of elements of applied methodology revealing the specifics of scientific directions in historiography of the 1850–1870s. The study revealed some features of formation of the structure of applied methodology of comprehensive school (Solovyov) and democratic direction (Shchapov) and showed that ideology and the system of values played a system-forming role. They predetermined the object of science (state; people); the content of historical material which was structured by the idea of the historicism (state history; history of the people, ideas about the main contradictions of the process (generic – state relations; self-development – centralization). In turn, the object of study caused a selection of a set of main concepts for topic deployment (colonization, state area, uniform state, autocracy); (community, veche, state cathedrals, colonization, regionalness); concepts treatment (colonization as state movement); (colonization as a movement of people) predetermined the development of the hypothesis (formation of state relations), (self-development, self-government of the people) – to the fact (victory of autocracy); (identification of regional specifics of the territory). |
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