| Article | |
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| Article name | Fibulae in the Form of Overlays in the Archeology of the Western Balts of the Merovingian Age |
| Authors | Kulakov V.I. Doctor of History, drkulakov@mail.ru |
| Bibliographic description | Kulakov V. I. Fibulae in the Form of Overlays in the Archeology of the Western Balts of the Merovingian Age // Humanitarian Vector. 2024. Vol. 19, no. 2. P. 27–34. DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2024-19-2-27-34. |
| Section | Events and Destinies (History of Everyday Life) |
| UDK | 902/904 |
| DOI | 10.21209/1996-7853-2024-19-2-27-34 |
| Article type | Original article |
| Annotation | The article is devoted to a unique phenomenon in the archeology of the Baltics – Aestii and Prussian brooches imitating belt linings and details of a horse headband. They date from the early 5th – early 8th century AD. According to its shape, these brooches are divided into two variants. Fibulae var. 1 of the early phase of the era of the Great Migration of Peoples are associated with the Aestii of Sambia on the threshold of the emergence of the Prussian archaeological culture, and the clasps of var. 2 came out of the workshops of the western part of the Masurian Lake District in the final phase of the mentioned era. The sizes and shapes of the studied brooches directly point to their prototypes: linings of various accessories. By searching for such analogies, the origin and dating of brooches-overlays obtained as a result of excavations of burial grounds on the western outskirts of the Baltic world is clarified. The brooches of both of the aforementioned variants, belonging to the bearers of the cultures of various Western Baltic tribes, were made over the course of three centuries (with interruptions). Fasteners var. 1 were included in male and female burial complexes. Fasteners var. 2 belonged exclusively to male complexes. The social affiliation of the owners of brooches var. 2 can be defined as members (or relatives) of a squad group. It was professional warriors who had luxurious horse headbands with fours, imitating the Frankish models of the Merovingian era. A similar phenomenon was noted on the example of women’s pendants with retinue symbols in Eastern European antiquities of the Viking Age, which was not previously noted in Russian archeology. |
| Key words | southeastern Baltic, Sambia, Masurian Lakeland, brooches, overlays, Prussians |
| Article information | |
| References | 1. Kulakov, V. I. Burial grounds of the western part of the Masurian Lake District 5th – early 8th centuries. Based on excavations of 1878–1938. Barbaricum-1989. Warsaw. 1989: 148–273. (In Rus.) 2. Skvortsov, K. N. Mitino burial ground V–XIV centuries. (Kaliningradskaya region). According to the results of research in 2008, part two, Moscow: Institute of Archeology RAS, 2010. (In Rus.) 3. Ibsen, T. Das kaiserzeitliche und völkerwanderungszeitliche Gräberfeld von Berezovka. Gross Ottenhagen im Kaliningrader Gebiet. Eine archivalische Studie. Kiel: Schriftliche Magisterarbeit. 2003. (In German.) 4. Bitner-Wróblewska, A., Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz, A., Nowakiewicz, T., Katalog. Nowakiewicz, T. (red.), Das archäologische Vermächtnis Ostpreußens im Archiv des Felix Jakobson, Warszawa: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedziństwa Narodowego, 2011. (In German.) 5. Oexle, J., Studien zu merowingerzeitlichem Pferdegeschirr am Beispiele der Trensen, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Text. 1992. (In German.) 6. Oexle, J. Studien zu merowingerzeitlichem Pferdegeschirr am Beispiele der Trensen, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Tafeln. 1992. 239 Taf. (In German.) 7. Kontny, B., Okulicz-Kozaryn J., Pietrzak, M., Nowinka. Site 1. The cemetery from the Late Migration Period in the northern Poland, Gdańsk-Warszawa: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gdańsku, 2011. (In Eng.) 8. Tautavičius, A. Vidurinis geležies amžius Lietuvoje (V–IX a.). Vilnius: Сentras “Lietuvos pilys”. 1996. (In Lit.) 9. Skvortsov, K. N., Mitino burial ground V–XIV centuries. (Kaliningradskaya region). According to the results of research in 2008, part one. M: Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2010. (In Rus.) 10. Kulakov, V. I. Grebiten. New data on old excavations. University Scientific Journal. Philological and historical sciences, archeology and art criticism, no. 20, pp. 15–27, 2016. (In Rus.) 11. Kulakov, V. I. Bird-predator and bird-prey in symbols and emblems of the 9th–11th centuries. Soviet archeology, no. 3, pp. 106–117, 1988. (In Rus.) |
| Full article | Fibulae in the Form of Overlays in the Archeology of the Western Balts of the Merovingian Age |
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