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| Article name | Application of Penal Servitude Rules of Living Outside the Prison to State Criminals Sentenced to Hard Labour in Nerchinsk in the Second Half of the 19th Century |
| Authors | Moshkina Z.V. Doctor of History, Associate Professor, MoshkinaZV@yandex.ru |
| Bibliographic description | Moshkina Z. V. Application of Penal Servitude Rules of Living Outside the Prison to State Criminals Sentenced to Hard Labour in Nerchinsk in the Second Half of the 19th Century // Humanitarian Vector. 2018. Vol. 13, No. 6. PP. 48–55. DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2018-13-6-48-55. |
| Section | Regional History |
| UDK | 93(94) |
| DOI | 10.21209/1996-7853-2018-13-6-48-55 |
| Article type | |
| Annotation | The article discusses the detention conditions of Russian state criminals during Nerchinsk hard labor in the second half of the XIX century. Members of the national political opposition who engaged in political struggle against the autocracy were considered state criminals. This movement has been called narodnichestvo (populism). Autocratic monarchy in the struggle with the opposition used different means of struggle. One of them was a reference to Siberia. It was carried out in three ways. The most serious kind was a reference to Nerchinsk hard labor, which was located on the territory of Trans-Baikal region. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that it allows us to reveal the shape and nature of the punishment, which was applied by the autocracy for his political opponents. The author considers the procedure and scope of application of the exemptions based on the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, on the example of application to political prisoners at hard labor such norms as the living outside the prison. The author clarifies the number of political prisoners who were prone to relief life and filed a petition for this. The request provides for compulsory criminal remorse for his crime and appeal to the mercy of the monarch for ameliorating the plight of forgiveness. The study found that the state criminals were occasionally allowed to live outside the of prison, while administrative arbitrariness was allowed. It turns out that the procedure for calculating the period of stay in the discharge test after which the prisoners receive the right to enter the residence outside the prison was violated. Formal obstacles were established for obtaining benefits. With the minor exception, bulk of political prisoners remained steadfast spirit and did not address to grace of the Tsar. The author admits that the punishment of political opposition in Russia was of a repressive nature. |
| Key words | state criminals, link, hard labor, detention regime, Nerchinsk penal servitude, the second half of XIX century |
| Article information | |
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| Full article | Application of Penal Servitude Rules of Living Outside the Prison to State Criminals Sentenced to Hard Labour in Nerchinsk in the Second Half of the 19th Century |
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